Tetanus is a potentially serious infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in dirt and soil. When these bacteria enter the body through a wound, bacteria produce a toxin that affects the nervous system. Tetanus requires immediate medical treatment.
Why does my child need protection against tetanus?
Unlike other vaccine-preventable diseases, tetanus is not spread from person to person. Infection usually occurs when bacteria enter the body through a puncture, cut, burn, scrape, insect bite or animal bite. When tetanus enters the body through very small wounds, the infection can go unnoticed. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes painful muscle spasms and stiffness, often first appearing in the jaw (known as “lockjaw”). Other symptoms can include stiffness of the neck, shoulders or back; difficulty swallowing; seizures; headache; fever; muscle spasms and rigidity in the stomach which causes the characteristic arching associated with tetanus. Death can occur in about two of every 10 infected people if not treated.
Because the bacteria that causes tetanus is present everywhere in the environment, vaccination is the most effective way to protect your child from this life-threatening disease.
Which vaccines protect against tetanus?
DTaP and Tdap are vaccines that protect against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Children are recommended to get DTaP at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months and 4-6 years of age. Booster doses of Tdap are recommended for adolescents 11-18 years of age and every 10 years for adults.
Are they safe?
Yes, DTaP and Tdap vaccines (which protect against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) are safe. Side effects are rare and usually mild, when they occur, they most commonly include soreness or swelling at the injection site, fatigue, fussiness, fever or fainting (which is more common in adolescents after any vaccine). To prevent fainting and related injuries, teens should remain seated or lying down during vaccination and for 15 minutes afterward.
Are they effective?
Yes, DTaP and Tdap vaccines are highly effective; however, protection fades over time, which is why children need multiple doses during childhood and why adults need boosters to maintain lifelong protection.